SAKSHAM | Smart Adaptive Knowledge-based Soil Hydration & Automation Module

Project Overview

Climate-Adaptive Smart Irrigation

About the Project

Water is one of the most important resources for plant growth. Conventional irrigation practices can result in overwatering, underwatering and unnecessary wastage of water.

SAKSHAM introduces an automated plant water-management approach in which soil moisture and environmental conditions are monitored before irrigation decisions are made.

Instead of relying only on a fixed watering schedule, the system considers soil condition together with rainfall, temperature, humidity and light conditions. This enables irrigation to respond more intelligently to changing environmental conditions.

Project Information

Project Name SAKSHAM

Full Form Smart Adaptive Knowledge-based Soil Hydration & Automation Module

Application Smart Plant Irrigation & Water Management

Project Type Embedded Systems • Smart Agriculture

Source Status Open Source

Objectives

Purpose of SAKSHAM

Automatic Irrigation

Automate plant watering according to actual soil conditions instead of depending entirely on manual irrigation.

Water Conservation

Prevent unnecessary watering when adequate moisture or rainfall is already available.

Climate Adaptation

Modify irrigation decisions according to temperature, humidity, rainfall and sunlight.

Hardware

Components & Subsystems

SAKSHAM combines a microcontroller with environmental sensors, water-management hardware, displays, communication and data-logging facilities.

Arduino Uno

Main microcontroller for sensing, irrigation logic and output control.

Soil Moisture Sensor

Measures soil condition and provides the main irrigation input.

Rain Sensor

Detects rainfall and prevents unnecessary irrigation.

Temperature & Humidity Sensor

Provides atmospheric data for adaptive watering.

Light Monitoring

Provides information about strong sunlight and potential water loss.

Water Pump

Supplies water when the irrigation algorithm determines watering is required.

LCD / Display

Shows sensor information and irrigation status.

GSM Communication

Supports remote notifications and system alerts.

SD Card Module

Stores environmental and irrigation data for later analysis.

Water-Level Monitoring

Checks whether sufficient water is available before the pump is operated.

Working Principle

Soil Moisture Decision Logic

The system continuously monitors the soil condition and uses defined moisture ranges to decide whether irrigation should be applied.

Soil Moisture	Soil Condition	System Response
0–20%	Very Dry	High Watering
20–50%	Slightly Dry	Pulse Watering
50–70%	Optimal Moisture	No Watering
Above 70%	Wet	No Watering

Climate-Adaptive Operation

Environmental Inputs

Rain

When rain is detected, watering stops automatically.

Temperature

Higher temperature conditions can increase the irrigation requirement.

Humidity

Higher humidity can reduce the amount of watering required.

Sunlight

Watering can be avoided during strong sunlight to reduce unnecessary water loss.

System Operation

Operating Flow

Step 01 Initialize sensors and modules

Step 02 Read sensor data

Step 03 Check water tank level

Step 04 Apply irrigation decision logic

Step 05 Control the water pump

Step 06 Display data on LCD

Step 07 Store data in SD card

Step 08 Send alerts when required

Step 09 Repeat the process continuously

Water Tank Protection: When the system determines that the water tank is empty, pump operation is stopped and an alert can be generated.

SAKSHAM is Open Source

The original project code, circuit diagram and supporting resources are intended to be available through the Department of OpenSource so that students, educators, researchers and innovators can study and reproduce suitable parts of the project.

Open SAKSHAM Resources →